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1. Introduction
There is a rapid technological change in the present world. The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is making business organisational operations unstable. 4IR is the transformation of the traditional productive processes by digitising the real world, towards total interconnectivity of suppliers and customers, to obtain an intelligent product (Velasquez et al., 2019). A revolution in the general adoption of digital technologies to create value is known as digital transformation. The concept of digital transformation includes implementing and incorporating a range of novel information and communication technologies to develop a more sustainable and responsive solution (Agrawal et al., 2019). Digital transformation (DT), which is the modification of business processes, procedures and capabilities, has taken advantage of disruptive changes by influencing society. DT has achieved worldwide consideration in numerous service establishments owing to the ubiquitous characteristics and explosion of modern digital technologies.
Consequential to the arrival of new digital transformation technologies, institutions of higher learning must find novel means to get a competitive advantage (Hamidi and Jahanshaheefard, 2019). Today's universities are increasing their efforts to influence their students to gain more strategic improvement (Al-Shihi et al., 2018). One of these strategies is the awakening of university libraries, which is the core of higher education establishments to emphasise its significance to their institution's mission and goals towards quality teaching and research (Yeh and Ramirez, 2016). Thus, university libraries are encouraged to improve their strategic response by adopting DT technology-based services (Yeh and Walter, 2016). One of these technologies is artificial intelligence (AI). In recent years, the development of AI in disciplines different from the traditional sciences has been directing the technology discussion. AI is an all-inclusive discipline established in computer science, linguistics, information science, neurophysiology, neuroscience, cognitive science, psychology control science, and other disciplines (Yu et al., 2019).
Although there is a perception that AI is a computer program intended to imitate human intelligence (Zhang et al., 2015), the reality is that it is more than that. Through the support of AI, learning can be personalized. It can satisfy the specific wants of all of the student's categories (Wheatley and Hervieux, 2019). AI, strengthened by a vast amount of data, establishes patterns and gives meaning (Claudé and Combe, 2018), making it logical...