Abstract
Background
Early reports indicate that COVID-19 may require intensive care unit (ICU) admission in 5–26% and overall mortality can rise to 11% of the recognised cases, particularly affecting the elderly. There is a lack of evidence-based targeted pharmacological therapy for its prevention and treatment.
We aim to compare the effects of a World Health Organization recommendation-based education and a personalised complex preventive lifestyle intervention package (based on the same WHO recommendation) on the outcomes of the COVID-19.
Methods
PROACTIVE-19 is a pragmatic, randomised controlled clinical trial with adaptive “sample size re-estimation” design. Hungarian population over the age of 60 years without confirmed COVID-19 will be approached to participate in a telephone health assessment and lifestyle counselling voluntarily. Volunteers will be randomised into two groups: (A) general health education and (B) personalised health education. Participants will go through questioning and recommendation in 5 fields: (1) mental health, (2) smoking habits, (3) physical activity, (4) dietary habits, and (5) alcohol consumption. Both groups A and B will receive the same line of questioning to assess habits concerning these topics. Assessment will be done weekly during the first month, every second week in the second month, then monthly. The composite primary endpoint will include the rate of ICU admission, hospital admission (longer than 48 h), and mortality in COVID-19-positive cases. The estimated sample size is 3788 subjects per study arm. The planned duration of the follow-up is a minimum of 1 year.
Discussion
These interventions may boost the body’s cardiovascular and pulmonary reserve capacities, leading to improved resistance against the damage caused by COVID-19. Consequently, lifestyle changes can reduce the incidence of life-threatening conditions and attenuate the detrimental effects of the pandemic seriously affecting the older population.
Trial registration
The study has been approved by the Scientific and Research Ethics Committee of the Hungarian Medical Research Council (IV/2428- 2 /2020/EKU) and has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04321928) on 25 March 2020.
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Details
1 University of Pécs, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479); Translational Medicine Foundation, Szeged, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1)
2 University of Pécs, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479); Poznan University for Medical Sciences, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Poznan, Poland (GRID:grid.22254.33) (ISNI:0000 0001 2205 0971)
3 University of Pécs, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479); University of Pécs, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479)
4 University of Pécs, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479); Translational Medicine Foundation, Szeged, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1); University of Szeged, Centre for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary (GRID:grid.9008.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 1016 9625)
5 University of Pécs, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479); Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary (GRID:grid.413987.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0573 5145)
6 University of Pécs, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479); University of Pécs, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479); University of Szeged, Centre for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary (GRID:grid.9008.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 1016 9625); University of Szeged, Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Szeged, Hungary (GRID:grid.9008.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 1016 9625)
7 University of Pécs, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479); University of Pécs, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479); Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary (GRID:grid.413987.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0573 5145)
8 University of Szeged, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Szeged, Hungary (GRID:grid.9008.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 1016 9625)
9 University of Pécs, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479)
10 University of Pécs, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479); University of Pécs, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479)
11 University of Pécs, Division of Infectious Diseases, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479)
12 University of Pécs, Division of Cardiology, First Department of Medicine, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479)
13 University of Pécs, Department of Public Health, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479)
14 University of Pécs, Health Technology Assessment Center, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479); University of Pécs, Division of Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479)
15 University of Pécs, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479)
16 University of Pécs, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479); University of Szeged, Faculty of Law, Szeged, Hungary (GRID:grid.9008.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 1016 9625)
17 University of Pécs, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479); University of Pécs, Institute Bioanalysis, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479)
18 Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary (GRID:grid.413987.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0573 5145)
19 University of Pécs, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479); Translational Medicine Foundation, Szeged, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1); University of Pécs, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary (GRID:grid.9679.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 0663 9479); University of Szeged, Centre for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary (GRID:grid.9008.1) (ISNI:0000 0001 1016 9625)