“天-空-地”协同滑坡监测技术进展

Abstract

滑坡灾害是全球范围内发生频率最高、分布范围最广、造成损失最重的自然灾害之一, 严重威胁着人类生命财产和重大工程设施的安全。科学监测是实现滑坡预警预报与主动防范的重要技术前提, 经过多年的技术攻关, 融合高分辨率光学遥感、卫星InSAR、无人机摄影测量、无线传感网络(WSN)等多种新技术方法, 滑坡监测已从传统点式人工监测逐步发展到“天-空-地”多维协同监测, 在我国地质灾害风险识别与监测预警方面取得显著成效。本文结合多年来对滑坡发生机理与变形破坏过程的研究认识, 从天(光学遥感和InSAR)、空(无人机摄影测量)、地(全球导航卫星系统、裂缝计等专业监测)三维立体角度对我国滑坡监测技术的最新研究进展进行了系统总结, 分析讨论了不同技术在工程实践中的技术优势和适用性, 构建了滑坡变形破坏全过程的“天-空-地”协同监测技术体系, 为滑坡地质灾害的科学防范提供一种新的思维范式和经验指导。

Alternate abstract:

Landslide disaster is one of the natural disasters with the highest frequency, largest distribution, and highest losses worldwide, endangering human life and property as well as important engineering facilities. Scientific monitoring is one of the most significant measures for monitoring and early warning of landslide, as well as active prevention. Landslide monitoring has gradually evolved from traditional manual ground monitoring on specific site to multi-dimensional collaborative monitoring after years of technical research and integration of high-resolution optical remote sensing, satellite InSAR, UAV photogrammetry, wireless sensor network (WSN), and other new technology methods, allowing China to achieve remarkable results in geological disaster risk identification, monitoring, and early warning. Based on a professional understanding of the landslide occurrence mechanism and deformation damage process, this paper summarizes the most recent research progress in landslide monitoring technology in China from the three-dimensional perspectives of spaceborne (optical remote sensing and InSAR), airborne (UAV photogrammetry), and ground-based (global satellite navigation system, crack-meter, and other ground surface and internal monitoring of slope), analyzes, and discusses the technical advantages and disadvantages. The technical advantages and applicability of each in engineering practice are analyzed and discussed, and a new cooperative monitoring mode for the entire process of landslide deformation and damage is proposed, providing a new paradigm of thinking and experience guidance for the scientific prevention of landslide disasters.