Integrated Navigation Systems by Means of Wireless Local Area Networks

Abstract

This thesis explains the methodology used in the design of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) and puts forward one particular configuration suitable for Integrated Navigation Systems (INSs).

The choice of the Extremely High Frequency band (EHF) is based on two fundamental reasons. Firstly, EHF waves range from 30 to 300 GHz, which makes possible high data transmission rates (up to 155 Mbps). Secondly, EHF waves suffer both high attenuation and low diffraction when they are propagating through indoor channels, which provides a good isolation and allows using narrow aperture angles, respectively.

Both special modulation and spatial diversity techniques are needed to cancel the multipath effects mainly due to wave reflections as the wave is propagating through the indoor channel.

A typical configuration for this kind of systems consists of a set of base stations, uniformly distributed through the ship, installed on the ceiling. Each base station defines a picocell through several data terminals are linked by radiowaves.

The design of INSs based on WLANs is proposed as a novel research field whose results can reduce the installation and maintenance costs of these systems aboard ship. Experimental results and empirical models must be previously obtained.

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Esta tesis explica la metodología utilizada en el diseño de Redes de Área Local Inalámbricas (WLAN) y presenta una configuración particular adecuada para los Sistemas Integrados de Navegación (INS).

La elección de la banda de Frecuencia Extremadamente Alta (EHF) se basa en dos razones fundamentales. En primer lugar, las ondas EHF oscilan entre 30 y 300 GHz, lo que posibilita altas velocidades de transmisión de datos (hasta 155 Mbps). En segundo lugar, las ondas EHF sufren tanto una alta atenuación como una baja difracción cuando se propagan a través de canales interiores, lo que proporciona un buen aislamiento y permite utilizar ángulos de apertura estrechos, respectivamente.

Se necesitan técnicas especiales de modulación y diversidad espacial para cancelar los efectos de trayectos múltiples debidos principalmente a los reflejos de las ondas a medida que la onda se propaga a través del canal interior.

Una configuración típica para este tipo de sistemas consiste en un conjunto de estaciones base, distribuidas uniformemente por la nave, instaladas en el techo. Cada estación base define una picocélula a través de varios terminales de datos que están conectados por ondas de radio.

El diseño de INS basados en WLAN se propone como un campo de investigación novedoso cuyos resultados pueden reducir los costes de instalación y mantenimiento de estos sistemas a bordo de los barcos. Los resultados experimentales y los modelos empíricos deben obtenerse previamente.