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© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Gunshot residue (GSR) is an important type of forensic trace evidence produced when a firearm is discharged. Currently, inorganic GSR particles are used for establishing the fact of shooting. The organic gunshot residue (OGSR) has been recently shown to have great potential for providing additional information vital for the crime scene investigation. Smokeless powder is the precursor to OGSR and one of its chemical components. In this study, Raman spectroscopy and chemometric modeling were used to analyze smokeless powder extracted from ammunition cartridge cases. The proposed hierarchical model demonstrated great potential for determining the manufacture and the bullet type based on the analysis of smokeless powder. Expanding the developed approach to the analysis of OGSR will be needed to make it a useful tool for law enforcement agencies.

Details

Title
Hierarchical Modelling of Raman Spectroscopic Data Demonstrates the Potential for Manufacturer and Caliber Differentiation of Smokeless Powders
Author
Khandasammy, Shelby R 1 ; Bartlett, Nathan R 1 ; Halámková, Lenka 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Lednev, Igor K 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA 
 Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA 
First page
11
Publication year
2023
Publication date
2023
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
22279040
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2767187867
Copyright
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.