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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Placental dysfunction may increase the offspring’s later-life disease risk. The objective of this systematic review was to describe associations between pathological placental changes and neuropsychological outcomes in children after the neonatal period. The inclusion criteria were human studies; original research; direct placental variables; neuropsychological outcomes; and analysis between their associations. The exclusion criterion was the offspring’s age—0–28 days or >19 years. The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were last searched in May 2022. We utilized the ROBINS-I for the risk of bias assessment and performed a narrative synthesis. In total, 3252 studies were identified, out of which 16 were included (i.e., a total of 15,862 participants). Half of the studies were performed on children with neonatal complications, and 75% of the studies reported an association between a placental change and an outcome; however, following the completion of the funnel plots, a risk of publication bias was indicated. The largest study described a small association between placental size and a risk of psychiatric symptoms in boys only. Inconsistency between the studies limited the evidence in this review. In general, no strong evidence was found for an association between pathological placental changes and childhood neuropsychological outcomes after the neonatal period. However, the association between placental size and mental health in boys indicates a placental sexual dimorphism, thereby suggesting an increased vulnerability for male fetuses.

Details

Title
Placental Changes and Neuropsychological Development in Children—A Systematic Review
Author
Lodefalk, Maria 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Chelslín, Felix 2 ; Johanna Patriksson Karlsson 3 ; Hansson, Stefan R 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden; University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden 
 Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden 
 University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden 
 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden 
First page
435
Publication year
2023
Publication date
2023
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20734409
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2774843677
Copyright
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.