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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Herein, we evaluated the hepatic lipid metabolic profiles of bovine fetuses in response to maternal vitamin and mineral supplementation (VMSUP; supplemented (VTM) or not (NoVTM)) and two different rates of gain (GAIN; low gain (LG), 0.28 kg/d, or moderate gain (MG), 0.79 kg/d). Crossbred Angus heifers (n = 35; initial BW = 359.5 ± 7.1 kg) were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, resulting in the following treatment combinations: NoVTM-LG (n = 9), NoVTM-MG (n = 9), VTM-LG (n = 9), and VTM-MG (n = 8). Heifers received their treatments until d 83 of gestation, when they were ovariohysterectomized. Fetuses were harvested and liver samples were analyzed via ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy to characterize lipid profiles and abundances. We identified 374 biochemicals/metabolites belonging to 57 sub-pathways of the lipid metabolism super-pathway. The majority of the biochemicals/metabolites (n = 152) were significantly affected by the main effect of GAIN. Maternal moderate rates of gain resulted in greater abundances (p ≤ 0.0001) of ω-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoate, docosapentaenoate, and docosahexaenoate) and lower abundances (p ≤ 0.0001) of ω-6 fatty acids. Further, MG resulted in the accumulation of several diacylglycerols and depletion of the majority of the monoacylglycerols. Concentrations of nearly all acylcarnitines (p ≤ 0.03) were decreased in VTM-LG fetal livers compared to all other treatment combinations, indicating a greater rate of complete oxidation of fatty acids. Levels of secondary bile acids were impacted by VMSUP, being greater (p ≤ 0.0048) in NoVTM than in VTM fetal livers. Moreover, NoVTM combined with lower rate of gain resulted in greater concentrations of most secondary bile acid biochemicals/metabolites. These data indicate that maternal diet influenced and altered fetal hepatic lipid composition in the first trimester of gestation. Maternal body weight gain exerted a greater influence on fetal lipid profiles than vitamin and mineral supplementation. Specifically, lower rate of gain (0.28 kg/d) resulted in an increased abundance of the majority of the biochemicals/metabolites identified in this study.

Details

Title
Fetal Hepatic Lipidome Is More Greatly Affected by Maternal Rate of Gain Compared with Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation at day 83 of Gestation
Author
Menezes, Ana Clara B 1 ; Dahlen, Carl R 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; McCarthy, Kacie L 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Kassetas, Cierrah J 2 ; Baumgaertner, Friederike 2 ; Kirsch, James D 2 ; Dorsam, Sheri T 2 ; Neville, Tammi L 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Ward, Alison K 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Borowicz, Pawel P 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Reynolds, Lawrence P 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Sedivec, Kevin K 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Forcherio, J Chris 5 ; Scott, Ronald 5 ; Caton, Joel S 2 ; Crouse, Matthew S 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA 
 Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA 
 Department of Animal Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA 
 Central Grasslands Research and Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND 58483, USA 
 Purina Animal Nutrition LLC, Gray Summit, MO 63039, USA 
 United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA 
First page
175
Publication year
2023
Publication date
2023
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
22181989
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2779560648
Copyright
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.