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Purpose of Review
Antrochoanal polyps (ACPs) are benign polypoid lesions arising from the inner wall of the maxillary sinus and extending into the choana. Although the diagnosis and treatment strategies of ACP have changed since this entity was first described, the underlying pathogenic mechanism of APC is poorly understood. This article reviews the current knowledge of the etiology, inflammatory parameters, and microscopic findings of ACP.
Recent Findings
The inflammatory pattern of ACP appears to center around a neutrophilic inflammation T1-dominant endotype. Apart from the inflammatory component of ACP, at the microscopic level, the presence of tissue remodeling, mostly fibrin deposition and edema, and cysts in the epithelium and lamina propria has been described. Although the origin of this T1-dominant endotype immune response of ACPs is not entirely clear, it could be related to a lymphatic obstruction mechanism.
Summary
This review serves to define a phenotype of ACP with potential endotypes based on the characteristics of the inflammatory parameters, microscopic findings, and hypotheses about the pathogenesis of ACP.
Details
; Alobid, Isam 3 ; Mullol, Joaquim 2 1 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIPERES, Barcelona University, Rhinology and Skull Base Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Barcelona, Spain (GRID:grid.10403.36) (ISNI:0000000091771775); Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Pamplona, Spain (GRID:grid.411730.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2191 685X)
2 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIPERES, Barcelona University, Rhinology and Skull Base Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Barcelona, Spain (GRID:grid.10403.36) (ISNI:0000000091771775)
3 Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIPERES, Barcelona University, Rhinology and Skull Base Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Barcelona, Spain (GRID:grid.10403.36) (ISNI:0000000091771775); Unidad Alergo Rino, Centro Médico Teknon, Barcelona, Spain (GRID:grid.416936.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 1769 0319)