Systematic literature review of the techniques for household electrical appliance anomaly detections and knowledge extractions

Abstract

The demand for electricity at home has increased in recent times globally, this high demand for continuous, stable and affordable power can be attributed to the demand for comfortable lifestyle of consumers but the quality and efficiency of the appliances being used remain questionable. Malfunctioning appliances usually show a power signature statistically different from their normal behavior, which can lead to higher energy consumption or more serious damages. As a result, numerous studies in recent times have been conducted on the household electrical appliance anomaly behaviors to find the root-cause of these anomalies using machine learning techniques and algorithms. This study attempted to undertake a systematic and critical review of ninety-two (92) research works reported in academic journals over fifteen (15) years (2006–2021) in the area of household electrical appliance anomaly detections and knowledge extraction using machine learning. The various techniques used in these reports were clustered based on machine learning-based techniques, statistical techniques and physical based approach techniques and the parameters adopted, such as machine learning algorithms, feature extraction approaches, anomaly detection levels, computing platforms and application scenarios. This clustering was done based on the following criteria: the nature of a dataset and the number of data sources used, the data timeframe, the machine learning algorithms used, machine learning task, used accuracy and error metrics and software packages used for modeling. For the number of data source used, the results revealed that 81.2% of documents reviewed used single sources and Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) was the highest implemented regression model (60.9%), the probability model that was mostly implemented was the Bayesian network. Furthermore, the study revealed that, root-mean-square error (RMSE) accounted 35% was the most used error metric among household appliance abnormal behaviors, followed by mean absolute percentage error MAPE which accounted 32%. The study further revealed that 46% of appliance abnormal detections was based on weather parameters, and historical energy consumption. Finally, we recap the challenges and limitations for further research in electrical appliance anomaly detections locally and globally.