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Abstract
Graphene-based optical modulators have been extensively studied owing to the high mobility and tunable permittivity of graphene. However, weak graphene-light interactions make it difficult to achieve a high modulation depth with low energy consumption. Here, we propose a high-performance graphene-based optical modulator consisting of a photonic crystal structure and a waveguide with graphene that exhibits an electromagnetically-induced-transparency-like (EIT-like) transmission spectrum at terahertz frequency. The high quality-factor guiding mode to generate the EIT-like transmission enhances light-graphene interaction, and the designed modulator achieves a high modulation depth of 98% with a significantly small Fermi level shift of 0.05 eV. The proposed scheme can be utilized in active optical devices that require low power consumption.
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Details
1 Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Division of Applied Photonics System Research, Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju, South Korea (GRID:grid.61221.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 1033 9831); Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Optical Packaging Research Section, Gwangju, South Korea (GRID:grid.36303.35) (ISNI:0000 0000 9148 4899)
2 Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Division of Applied Photonics System Research, Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju, South Korea (GRID:grid.61221.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 1033 9831)