Integrating Oldenburg’s concept of place and Soja’s concept of space: a spatial enquiry of denial, repression, and closure in Ishiguro’s “The Remains of the Day”

Abstract

Spatial enquiry in literature has opened new doors for understanding the relationship between physical and mental space. This paper analyses how an individual’s sense of space can influence their understanding of themselves and others. This study identifies the similarities between Ray Oldenburg’s concept of place and Edward Soja’s concept of space. Moreover, it integrates both theories by locating Oldenburg’s triad of place (home, workplace, and third place) as a part of Soja’s concept of real space (firstspace). The lack of discernibility between home and workspace exerts itself in protagonist Stevens’ obsession with his profession. This paper also examines how disorientation in the trifold conception of place causes Stevens to be an emotionally and spatially repressed character. The study elaborates on the role of third place and thirdspace. It also analyses Steven’s six-day journey into the countryside as an introspective journey into his past. This study aims to find how social interactions in the third place have helped Stevens unlearn and relearn hegemonically influenced ideologies on duty and dignity. Further, it helps Stevens resolve his denial and repression, properly channelling the flow of spatial energy. This study also identifies thirdspace as a transformative space that helps Stevens find closure and accept his regretful past.