Study on spatiotemporal pattern evolution and its influences on the most beautiful leisure villages in China

Abstract

为探究最美休闲乡村时空演化规律及成因，促进休闲乡村空间布局优化，助力乡村旅游高质量发展及乡村振兴战略实施，本研究综合运用最邻近指数、分形维数和地理探测器等方法探讨了休闲乡村的空间演化特征及影响因素。结果表明：休闲乡村呈现凝聚型分布态势，主要形成了以京津冀、长三角城市群为高密度核心的“双核结构”，以川渝、闽东南、青海东部等地为次核心的“点状散射”分布特征；休闲乡村在空间上分形特征明显，呈现出不等概率分布状态，分形结构较为复杂；休闲乡村热点区呈现出从长三角地区逐渐向东北部和西南部省份迁移扩大态势，冷点区呈现出向我国西南部省份收缩态势；政策导向、客源市场、旅游资源禀赋、交通因素和自然因素是影响休闲乡村空间分布差异的主要因素，且影响强度呈现依次递减的变化规律。综上，加大对休闲乡村的政策支持力度，提升其交通可达性，构建区域差异化的旅游产品体系，有助于休闲乡村的集群化、联动化、特色化发展。

Exploring the space-time evolution theory and its influences on the most beautiful leisure villages can promote the optimization of leisure village spatial layout, and thus, enhancing the rural tourism development and implementation of rural revitalization strategy. The spatial evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the selected leisure villages were analyzed using the nearest proximity index, fractal dimension, and geographical indications. The results revealed that the leisure villages presented a condensed distribution pattern, mainly forming adual-core structurewith the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations as the high-density core, andpoint scatteringdistribution characteristics with Sichuan-Chongqing, southeastern Fujian, and eastern Qinghai as the secondary core. Thus, the leisure villages had significant fractal characteristics in space, inferring an unequal probability distribution and complex fractal structure. The rural tourism hotspots evolutively expanded from the Yangtze River Delta to the northeast and southwest provinces, while the cold spots were merely restricted to the southwest provinces. Policy orientation, tourist market, tourism resource endowment, transportation, and natural barriers are the main factors that affect the spatial distribution difference of leisure villages, and the influence intensity exhibits a law of diminishing marginal utility. The following improvement approaches could generally improve tourism in rural areas of China:Strengthening of enhancement policies for leisure villages, improving their transportation accessibility, and establishing a regional differentiated tourism product system to help them develop in clusters, linkage, and characteristics.