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Abstract
This study evaluated the topical effect of Lepidium sativum lyophilized seed extract (LSLE) towards Sustanon-induced alopecia in male adult Wistar albino rats in vivo, compared to minoxidil topical reference standard drug (MRD). LC–MS/MS together with molecular networking was used to profile the metabolites of LSLE. LSLE treated group revealed significant changes in alopecia related biomarkers, perturbation of androgenic markers; decline in testosterone level and elevation in 5α-reductase (5-AR); decline in the cholesterol level. On the other hand, LSLE treated group showed improvement in vascular markers; CTGF, FGF and VEGF. Groups treated topically with minoxidil and LSLE showed significant improvement in hair length. LC–MS/MS profile of LSLE tentatively identified 17 constituents: mainly glucosinolates, flavonoid glycosides, alkaloids and phenolic acids. The results point to the potential role of LSLE in the treatment of alopecia through decreasing 5(alpha)-dihydrotestosterone levels. Molecular docking was attempted to evaluate the probable binding mode of identified compounds to androgen receptor (PDB code: 4K7A).
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1 Alwajh College, University of Tabuk, Department of Chemistry, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia (GRID:grid.440760.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0419 5685)
2 University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, Cairo, Egypt (GRID:grid.440760.1)
3 Cairo University, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo, Egypt (GRID:grid.7776.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 0639 9286)
4 University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, Cairo, Egypt (GRID:grid.7776.1)
5 MSA University, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 6th of October City, Egypt (GRID:grid.442760.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 0377 4079)
6 Helwan University, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan, Egypt (GRID:grid.412093.d) (ISNI:0000 0000 9853 2750)
7 Egyptian Russian University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo, Egypt (GRID:grid.442695.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 6073 9704)
8 Pharmaceutical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Department of Pharmacognosy, Giza, Egypt (GRID:grid.419725.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2151 8157)
9 Ministry of Health, Food Analysis Laboratory, Zagazig, Egypt (GRID:grid.415762.3)
10 El Saleheya El Gadida University, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sia, Egypt (GRID:grid.415762.3)