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ABSTRACT:
Each one of the root canal sealers beholds their own advantages and disadvantages. Zinc oxide eugenol sealer was the most commonly and standard sealer used as compared to other sealers.Recently, bio ceramic-based sealers consisting of calcium silicate and calcium phosphate gained considerable attention because of their physical and biological properties.Bio ceramic materials containing calcium phosphate, enhances the setting properties of bio ceramics, thereby improving sealer-to-root dentin bonding.This review article focuses on advantages, disadvantages, indications, contraindications and recent advances of root canal sealer.
Keywords: Bio ceramic root canal sealer, MTA fill apex, neoapex, MTA obtura, Bioroot RC.
INTRODUCTION
The most effective way in the practice of endodontics is to disinfect and obturate the pulp chamber as efficiently and effectively as possible.1The important constituent of root filling includes a sealer and a solid core material. The most frequently used material is considered to be gutta percha also called polyisoprene, trans-1,4-polyisoprene that occupies the bulk of the canal space. Root canal sealer, on the other hand fills the intermediate space between the core material and dentin wall.2
Various types of sealers are available like resin sealers, Mineral Trioxide aggregate sealer, Bioceramic containing sealers, ZOE sealers, Glass ionomer containing sealer, calcium hydroxide containing sealeretc.
Epoxy resins-based sealers currently possess very good physical properties, ensure adequate biological performance and excellent apical sealing. The creation of most desired 'Three dimensional obturation', nonetheless seems to get shackled by the general lack of chemical union between the polyisoprene component of gutta-percha cone and the components of endodontic sealer.3
HISTORY OF CONVENTIONAL ROOT CANAL SEALER
Based on Grossman or Rickerts's formula, early sealers were modified zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) cements that were widely used throughout the world. Setting reaction of ZOE-based sealers is a chelation reaction occurring between eugenol and the zinc ion of the zinc oxide, unlike the resin-based sealers.This reaction is also thought to occur with the zinc oxide phase ofGP along with the calcium ions of dentin which might explain the decreased setting shrinkage associated with the ZOE-based sealers4.
Michaud et al.5 estimated the three-dimensional expansion of GP at various powder/liquid ratios of Pulp Canal Sealer extended working time by using spiral (helical) computed tomography (SCT). They came to a conclusion that increasing the ratio of eugenol in sealer resulted...