Abstract
By the year 2035 more than 4 billion people might be affected by obesity and being overweight. Adipocyte-derived Extracellular Vesicles (ADEVs/ADEV-singular) are essential for communication between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and obesity, emerging as a prominent mechanism of tumor progression. Adipose tissue (AT) becomes hypertrophic and hyperplastic in an obese state resulting in insulin resistance in the body. This modifies the energy supply to tumor cells and simultaneously stimulates the production of pro-inflammatory adipokines. In addition, obese AT has a dysregulated cargo content of discharged ADEVs, leading to elevated amounts of pro-inflammatory proteins, fatty acids, and carcinogenic microRNAs. ADEVs are strongly associated with hallmarks of cancer (proliferation and resistance to cell death, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, immunological response) and may be useful as biomarkers and antitumor therapy strategy. Given the present developments in obesity and cancer-related research, we conclude by outlining significant challenges and significant advances that must be addressed expeditiously to promote ADEVs research and clinical applications.
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1 Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.32566.34) (ISNI:0000 0000 8571 0482); Gansu Provincial Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.417234.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 1808 3203)
2 Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Department of Center of Medical Cosmetology, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.440164.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 8829)
3 Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.32566.34) (ISNI:0000 0000 8571 0482); Gansu Provincial Hospital, Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.417234.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 1808 3203)
4 Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.32566.34) (ISNI:0000 0000 8571 0482); The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.412643.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 2902)
5 Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.32566.34) (ISNI:0000 0000 8571 0482); Gansu Provincial Hospital, Department of Urology, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China (GRID:grid.417234.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 1808 3203)