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Contents
- Abstract
- Contributions
- Theoretical Rationale
- Workplace Intervention Designed to Improve Sleep
- Sleep-Related Mechanisms: Resource and Exchange Pathways
- Hypotheses
- The Resource Pathway: Improved Sleep Quantity and Sleep Quality as Intervention Mechanisms
- The Exchange Pathway: Perceptions of Supervisor Sleep Support as an Intervention Mechanism
- Method
- Recruitment and Randomization of Participants
- Participant Demographics
- Intervention Design and Procedure
- Measures
- Sleep Quantity and Quality
- Supervisor Support for Sleep
- Workplace Safety
- Analytic Strategy
- Results
- Sleep Intervention Mechanisms
- Supervisor Support Intervention Mechanism
- Discussion
- Theoretical Implications
- Practical Implications
- Limitations and Future Research Directions
- Conclusion
Figures and Tables
Abstract
We tested the effects of a randomized controlled trial Total Worker Health intervention on workplace safety outcomes. The intervention targeted employee sleep at both the supervisor-level (e.g., sleep-specific support training) and employee-level (e.g., sleep tracking and individualized sleep feedback). The intervention components were developed using principles of the Total Worker Health approach and the theory of triadic influence for health behaviors. We hypothesized that employees in the treatment group would report greater safety compliance, safety participation, and safety motivation, and would be less likely to experience a work-related accident or injury following the intervention through improvements in sleep quantity and quality, as well as increased perceptions of supervisors’ support for sleep. It was theorized that the indirect effects of the intervention on workplace safety outcomes via sleep mediators operated through a resource pathway, whereas the supervisor support for sleep mediator operated through an exchange pathway. Results broadly revealed that employees in the treatment group, compared to those in the control group, reported greater workplace safety behaviors and safety motivation, and reduced workplace accidents and injuries 9 months post-baseline, through lower dissatisfaction with sleep, reduced sleep-related impairments, and greater supervisor support for sleep 4 months post-baseline. Intervening on sleep and supervisor support for sleep in an integrated Total Worker Health framework can have a positive impact on workplace safety.
Unsafe work environments are detrimental to the health, well-being, and livelihood of workers, are associated with costly workers’ compensation claims, medical expenses, and lost work time, and can negatively impact organizations and broader national economies (e.g., Leigh, 2011; World Health Organization, 2017). In 2018, approximately 2.4 million U.S. workers were treated in emergency...