Content area
Full text
Contents
- Abstract
- Background
- Four Types of Interaction Effects
- P × S: Broad Person × Situation Interaction Variance
- P × Sspec: Between-Person Differences in Situation Variable–Outcome Associations
- Pspec × S: Between-Situation Differences in Person Variable–Outcome Associations
- Pspec × Sspec: Specific Person Variable × Situation Variable Interactions
- Integrating the Interaction Types
- The Present Study
- Method
- Samples
- Study 1
- Study 2
- Materials
- Study 1
- Study 2
- Design and Procedure
- Study 1
- Study 2
- Measures
- Study 1
- Study 2
- Statistical Analyses
- Power Analysis
- Preregistration, Transparency, and Openness
- Results
- RQ 1 (P × S): Person × Situation Interaction Variance
- RQ 2 (P × Sspec): Individual Differences in Situation Characteristic–State Contingencies
- RQ 3 (Pspec × S): Between-Situation Differences in Trait–State Associations
- RQ 4 (Pspec × Sspec): Specific Personality Trait × Situation Characteristic Interactions
- Additional Analyses
- Discussion
- Interpretation of Main Findings
- P × S: Broad Person × Situation Interaction Variance
- Summary and Discussion
- Caveats and Prospects
- P × Sspec: Between-Person Differences in Situation Variable–Outcome Associations
- Summary and Discussion
- Caveats and Prospects
- Pspec × S: Between-Situation Differences in Person Variable–Outcome Associations
- Summary and Discussion
- Caveats and Prospects
- Pspec × Sspec: Specific Person Variable × Situation Variable Interactions
- Summary and Discussion
- Caveats and Prospects
- Implications for Interactionism
- Strengths and Limitations
- A Future Agenda for Research on Interactionism
- Conclusion
Figures and Tables
Abstract
People differ in their reaction to situations, resulting in Person × Situation interactions. These interactions have been emphasized by many theoretical accounts of personality. Nevertheless, empirical progress on Person × Situation interactions has been slow. This is in part attributable to an insufficient distinction of person and situation variables and of different types of interaction effects. We propose a framework distinguishing four nested types of interaction effects varying in specificity: (a) P × S: broad Person × Situation interaction variance, (b) P × Sspec: between-person differences in situation variable–outcome associations, (c) Pspec × S: between-situation differences in person variable–outcome associations, and (d) Pspec × Sspec: specific Person Variable × Situation Variable interactions. We conducted two large online studies...