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Abstract
The atmospheric oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) by OH radicals over tropical rainforests impacts local particle production and the lifetime of globally distributed chemically and radiatively active gases. For the pristine Amazon rainforest during the dry season, we empirically determined the diurnal OH radical variability at the forest-atmosphere interface region between 80 and 325 m from 07:00 to 15:00 LT using BVOC measurements. A dynamic time warping approach was applied showing that median averaged mixing times between 80 to 325 m decrease from 105 to 15 min over this time period. The inferred OH concentrations show evidence for an early morning OH peak (07:00–08:00 LT) and an OH maximum (14:00 LT) reaching 2.2 (0.2, 3.8) × 106 molecules cm−3 controlled by the coupling between BVOC emission fluxes, nocturnal NOx accumulation, convective turbulence, air chemistry and photolysis rates. The results were evaluated with a turbulence resolving transport (DALES), a regional scale (WRF-Chem) and a global (EMAC) atmospheric chemistry model.
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1 Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany (GRID:grid.419509.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0491 8257)
2 Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany (GRID:grid.419509.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0491 8257); Wageningen University, Meteorology and Air Quality Section, Wageningen, The Netherlands (GRID:grid.4818.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 0791 5666)
3 Satellite Remote Sensing Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany (GRID:grid.419509.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0491 8257)
4 Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany (GRID:grid.419509.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0491 8257); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (GRID:grid.5330.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2107 3311)
5 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil (GRID:grid.419220.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 0427 0577)
6 Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) Amazonia Oriental, Belém, Brazil (GRID:grid.460200.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0541 873X)
7 Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology, Wiesbaden, Germany (GRID:grid.506724.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 7693 1119); Department of Multiphase Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany (GRID:grid.419509.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0491 8257)
8 Department of Multiphase Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany (GRID:grid.419509.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0491 8257)
9 Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany (GRID:grid.419509.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 0491 8257); The Cyprus Institute, Climate and Atmosphere Research Center, Nicosia, Cyprus (GRID:grid.426429.f) (ISNI:0000 0004 0580 3152)