Measurement-induced entanglement phase transition on a superconducting quantum processor with mid-circuit readout

Abstract

Quantum many-body systems subjected to unitary evolution with the addition of interspersed measurements exhibit a variety of dynamical phases that do not occur under pure unitary evolution. However, these systems remain challenging to investigate on near-term quantum hardware owing to the need for numerous ancilla qubits or repeated high-fidelity mid-circuit measurements, a capability that has only recently become available. Here we report the realization of a measurement-induced entanglement phase transition with a hybrid random circuit on up to 14 superconducting qubits with mid-circuit readout capability. We directly observe extensive and sub-extensive scaling of entanglement entropy in the volume- and area-law phases, respectively, by varying the rate of the measurements. We also demonstrate phenomenological critical behaviour by performing a data collapse of the measured entanglement entropy. Our work establishes the use of mid-circuit measurement as a powerful resource for quantum simulation on near-term quantum computers.

The interplay of quantum measurements and unitary evolution is expected to produce dynamical phases with different entanglement properties. An entanglement phase transition has now been detected with hybrid quantum circuits in a superconducting processor.