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By Gemma Conroy When radiologist Domenico Mastrodicasa finds himself stuck while writing a research paper, he turns to ChatGPT, the chatbot that produces fluent responses to almost any query in seconds."! use it as a sounding boa rd," say s Ma strodica sa, who is based at the University of Washington School of Medicine in Seattle. Science publishers and others have identified a range of concerns about the potential impacts of generative AL The accessibility of generative Al tools could make it easier to whip up poor-quality papers and, at worst. compromise research integrity, says Daniel Hook, chief executive of Digital Science, a research-analytics firm in London. At the publisher EMBO Press in Heidelberg, Germany, authors must use only verifiable institutional e-mail addresses for submissions, and editorial staff meet with authors and referees in video calls, says Bernd Pulverer, head of scientific publications there. Peer-review challenges LLMs could be a boon for peer reviewers, too. Since using ChatGPT Plus as an assistant, Mastrodicasa says he's been able to accept more review requests, using the LLM to polish hiscomments,although he doesn't upload manuscripts or any information from them into the online tool.