Abstract
Prolonged inflammation can impede wound healing, which is regulated by several proteins and cytokines, including IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-β. Concentration-dependent effects of these molecules at the target site have been investigated by researchers to develop them as wound-healing agents by regulating signaling strength. Nanotechnology has provided a promising approach to achieve tissue-targeted delivery and increased effective concentration by developing protein-functionalized nanoparticles with growth factors (EGF, IGF, FGF, PDGF, TGF-β, TNF-α, and VEGF), antidiabetic wound-healing agents (insulin), and extracellular proteins (keratin, heparin, and silk fibroin). These molecules play critical roles in promoting cell proliferation, migration, ECM production, angiogenesis, and inflammation regulation. Therefore, protein-functionalized nanoparticles have emerged as a potential strategy for improving wound healing in delayed or impaired healing cases. This review summarizes the preparation and applications of these nanoparticles for normal or diabetic wound healing and highlights their potential to enhance wound healing.
Graphical abstract
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1 School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, 147004, Patiala, Punjab, India (ROR: https://ror.org/00wdq3744) (GRID: grid.412436.6) (ISNI: 0000 0004 0500 6866)
2 School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, 147004, Patiala, Punjab, India (ROR: https://ror.org/00wdq3744) (GRID: grid.412436.6) (ISNI: 0000 0004 0500 6866); Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology-Virginia Tech Centre of Excellence for Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, 147004, Patiala, Punjab, India (ROR: https://ror.org/00wdq3744) (GRID: grid.412436.6) (ISNI: 0000 0004 0500 6866)