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Abstract
With the advancements in transportation technology and increasing adoption of automated features in vehicles, drivers' inattention and driving workload-induced fatigue have become significant causes of concern. Extended monitoring of automated vehicles develops boredom and daydreaming in drivers. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) reports about 100,000 police-reported drowsy driving-related crashes, resulting in approximately 800 fatalities and 50,000 injuries, annually. As fatigued drivers become less reliable in taking necessary preventive measures under critical circumstances, such incidents can be more severe. These risks can be exacerbated when drivers get involved in prolonged automated driving. In the last 40 years, total miles per year driven have increased from
1.5 trillion to 3.2 trillion, while the driving population has increased by 50%. The occupational drivers, for both largeand small-sized vehicles and in- and out-of-city driving, can drive up to 11 hours daily. These drivers are encouraged to use automated featmes to reduce their driving workload. Therefore, it is crucial to focus on fatigued driving and ensure that prolonged automated driving would not deteriorate the current situation. This research has comprehensively reviewed existing literature published from 2015 to 2022 on driver fatigue, drowsy driving, monitoring systems for automated driving, fatigue analysis, and models for driver fatigue classification. The researchers have focused on research methodology, evaluation and classification of driver fatigue, and modeling of the fatigue monitoring system. This paper summarizes critical gaps in existing studies and identifies the key challenges in designing a driver fatigue monitoring system based on fatigue severity.
Keywords
Automated driving, driver fatigue, drowsiness, fatigue classification, fatigue monitoring
1. Introduction
Driving is a complex task that requires continuous driver attention and monitoring. Drivers' situational awareness (SA) is paramount as their accurate and timely perception of traffic cues is required to make an appropriate and timely response for avoiding crashes. With the advent of new and emerging technologies, such as automated vehicles, driver inattention has become a significant cause of concern. Due to the safety featmes installed with the vehicle automation systems, drivers become inactive while traveling, become engaged in other activities or experience boredom and daydreaming leading to drowsiness. All of these can add to driver fatigue for prolonged automated driving.
According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), about 100,000 police-reported drowsy-...