Waste types and resource utilization models in the development of rural industry

Abstract

产业振兴是实施乡村振兴战略的重要基础，但乡村产业废弃物日益增多，严重制约乡村系统的可持续发展，亟需重视乡村产业振兴中的废弃物资源化利用。本文系统梳理了国家在乡村废弃物资源化利用方面的政策演变，并探讨乡村产业废弃物类型、产生机制及资源化利用的典型模式。结果表明：我国乡村废弃物资源化利用政策可以划分为利用方式探索、关键技术研制、绿色循环发展3个阶段；乡村产业废弃物类型主要包括种植业的作物秸秆、废渣废料、农膜、包装物等，养殖业的畜禽粪污、病死畜禽等，加工业的废渣、废水等，以及旅游业的塑料制品、食物残渣及污水等；废弃物产生过程可划分为种养分离、种养部分结合、种养加旅分离、种养加旅结合4个阶段；乡村产业发展中的废弃物资源化利用模式主要有家庭初级种养循环、企业种养加循环、多村产业联合体循环、县域产业融合循环等模式。未来应充分发挥政策引导作用，加强资源化技术和循环模式研究，激发农民的主体参与意识，持续推进乡村产业废弃物资源化利用。

Industrial revitalization is an important foundation for the implementation of a rural revitalization strategy, but the increasing amount of rural industrial waste significantly restricts the sustainable development of rural systems. There is an urgent need to pay attention to the resource utilization of waste in rural industrial revitalization. Based on a summary of national rural waste resource utilization policies, the types and generation mechanisms of rural industrial waste and typical models of resource utilization are systematically discussed. The results showed that national rural waste resource utilization policies could be divided into three stages： exploration of utilization methods, research on key technologies, and development of green recycle models. The types of rural industrial waste mainly include crop stalks, scrap waste, agricultural films, and packages from the planting industry

livestock manure and sick and dead animals from the breeding industry

waste residues and wastewater from the processing industry

and plastic products, food residues, and sewage from the tourism industry. The waste generation process can be divided into four stages： separation of planting and breeding

partial combination of planting and breeding

separation of planting, breeding, processing, and tourism

and a combination of planting, breeding, processing, and tourism. The waste resource utilization models in rural industrial development mainly include family primary planting and breeding cycles, enterprise upgrade planting, breeding and processing cycles, multi-village industrial consortium cycles, and county industrial integration cycles. In the future, to continuously promote the resource utilization of rural industrial waste, the role of policy guidance, research on resource utilization technologies and recycling models, and farmers' participation awareness should be given full attention.