A novel subject-wise dictionary learning approach using multi-subject fMRI spatial and temporal components

Abstract

The conventional dictionary learning (DL) algorithms aim to adapt the dictionary/sparse code to individual functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Thus, lacking the capability to consolidate the spatiotemporal diversities offered by other subjects. Considering that subject-wise (sw) data matrix can be decomposed into the sparse linear combination of multi-subject (MS) time courses and MS spatial maps, two new algorithms, sw sequential DL (swsDL) and sw block DL (swbDL), have been proposed. They are based on the novel framework, defined by the mixing model, where base matrices prepared by operating a computationally fast sparse spatiotemporal blind source separation method over multiple subjects are employed to adapt the mixing matrices to sw training data. They solve the optimization models formulated using $l_0$/$l_1$-norm penalization/constraints through dictionary/sparse code pair update and alternating minimization approach. They are unique because no existing sparse DL method can incorporate MS spatiotemporal components while updating sw atoms/sparse codes, which can eventually be assembled using neuroscience knowledge to extract group-level dynamics. Various fMRI datasets are used to evaluate and compare the performance of the proposed algorithms with existing state-of-the-art algorithms. Specifically, overall, a $14\%$ increase in the mean correlation value and $39\%$ reduction in the mean computation time exhibited by swsDL and swbDL, respectively, over the adaptive consistent sequential dictionary algorithm.