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Abstract
The common brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) is a species of high economical and ecological value in the southern North Sea ecosystem. Its presence in almost all areas, not only makes C. crangona key species by being both predator and prey for a wide variety of other ecosystem inhabitants, but also forms the basis of a 500-vessel strong fishery that lands up to 40,000 tons annually, generating revenues of around 120 million euros. Due to the lack of moult enduring hard structures, a year-round lasting spawning period and the short-lived nature of the species, age determination in the common brown shrimp is nearly impossible. Hence, common-, agebased management approaches, such as the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) were found not applicable for the common brown shrimp stock. Aiming at the certification of the fishery by the marine stewardship council (MSC), in 2016 a self-management plan was introduced, in which measures alternative to a quota were set. The potential benefits and effects of these measures were calculated using a species-specific yield per recruit model, parameterized with growth data from decades of growth research on the species. The results of this model and the conclusions drawn for the management are highly influenced by the given growth input. Although the species, due to its extensive use, has been the subject of growth research since the late 1940th, to date questions remain about the factors influencing the growth in common brown shrimp. The aim of this thesis is to address some of these questions, and to further improve the parameterization in future growth calculations.
Crucial for the survival and growth of common brown shrimp is known to be food availability. At the same time, parts of the common brown shrimp population are-, depending on season, known to be exposed to prolonged periods of starvation. Despite their omnivorous feeding behaviour and the otherwise very productive ecosystem, in winter up to 80 percent of the population can be in a starving condition. The response of C. crangon to starvation has studied previously, but no study has been conducted in which the animals were starved for long periods and then fed again. Manuscript 1addresses the influence of prolonged food deprivation followed by re-feeding on the growth of the common brown shrimp. In laboratory experiments, animals were deprived of food for different periods of time and were re-fed thereafter. Subsequently, the moulting interval and the growth increment, determined individually, were compared with a control group that was fed ad libitum for the entire trial period. Food deprivation significantly increased the time between two successive moults and reduced the growth increment into a negative range. Shrinkage had previously been observed in the common brown shrimp occasionally but was first observed systematically in manuscript 1. In addition to the prolongation of the moulting interval during food deprivation, which was previously considered to mainly be a function of temperature and size, shrinkage was identified as a physiological necessity to compensate for the dry mass lost during the starvation period. The results from manuscript 1, combined with the observations of other authors that especially in winter up to 80 % of the population show a condition that indicate prolonged starvation, could be used to adjust growth predictions of the stock in winter. Since egg deposition and egg laying are linked to a moult event, the delayed moult due to starvation could affect the reproductive cycle of starving females.