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Abstract
The present paper explores the relationship between deepfake and fake news through the tools of the law. The paper first introduces the conceptual basis, then presents the relationship between disinformation and deepfake, the relevant U.S., European and alternative regulations in the context of unlawful deepfake content, and possible solutions. Particular attention is paid to the legal perception of disinformation in the context of deepfake technology, highlighting the harmful social and legal processes involved. The structure of the study is based on a review of national and international regulations and relevant literature and the authors proposed solutions to the controversies caused by deepfake disinformation.
1. Introduction
Hungarys Prime Minister Viktor Orbán is notoriously averse to migration to Europe and wants to preserve the continents Christian character (Rankin 2018). Despite all this, would it be possible to find a video where he says that he is a big fan of migration and would like to tear down all the borders and fences around Hungary to welcome anyone who asks for help because they have had to leave their homeland due to severe crises? This now seems impossible. But is it impossible? All it would take is a free program, as many photos as possible, a serious computer, and some time to make it happen. Will deepfakes change the way we live online? Will it change what we see and believe with our own eyes? The study examines how the law can fight against AI-generated reality and disinformation.
As the press and media have evolved in recent years, and social media have become an integral part of our daily lives, we increasingly lose trust in edited reality.1 People are less and less trusting of the press, as articles can be edited online in an instant, and the reality of fake news is with us-even if most politicians use the phrase (inappropriately and damagingly) as "something I disagree with" (CNBC 2017; Index 2018). Several studies have listed events that have eroded public trust in the media industry and journalism. According to Farnaz Fassihi of the Wall Street Journal, "the rise of social media has made it harder for the average person to distinguish between verified facts and misinformation" (Dickinson 2018).
And this is not only the case...