Insights from a retrospective study: an understanding of pediatric colorectal carcinoma

Abstract

Pediatric colorectal cancer, comprising just 1% of childhood cancers, has surged among young individuals, underscoring its significant health impact. Diagnostic challenges arise from atypical presentation and nonspecific symptoms in 90% of cases, leading to delayed detection in 19%.

Methods A 2-year retrospective study of pediatric colorectal carcinoma cases was conducted across a specialized surgical pediatric center. Data were gathered, including age, symptoms, diagnostics, treatments, and outcomes.

Results Six colorectal carcinoma cases (median age, 16) were documented, mainly in males (66%). Predominant histological types included mucinous adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma. Metastasis was present in all cases, with symptoms including hematochezia (83%), abdominal pain (100%), weight loss (66%), and anemia (100%). Diagnosis often faced misidentification, fostering disease progression and metastasis. Various diagnostic and treatment modalities were employed, including surgery and neo-adjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusion Swift detection and intervention for pediatric colorectal carcinoma are pivotal. Efficient diagnostics and heightened awareness among medical professionals and the public are imperative. Early surgical intervention remains a cornerstone, especially for patients with pertinent family histories and characteristic symptoms. Tailored guidelines for pediatric patients are needed to enhance outcomes and survival.

Highlights

• CC is rare but increasing among young individuals.

• CC is often diagnosed late or misdiagnosed due to atypical presentation and nonspecific symptoms.

• Early detection and treatment of CC are crucial for patient survival.

• CC treatment involves surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies.

• Awareness of CC symptoms and risk factors is vital for early detection and management.