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Abstract
Although functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common functional gastroduodenal disorder with a high socioeconomic burden, little is known about its global prevalence. Thus, we performed a comprehensive study to estimate long-term trends in the prevalence of FD. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar from 1990 to 2022 for population-based studies that reported the prevalence of FD in adults (≥ 18 years old) according to Rome I, II, III, or IV criteria. The prevalence of FD was extracted from included studies to obtain pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and 95% prediction intervals. Subgroup analysis was performed according to certain characteristics, including geographic region. A total of 44 studies met the eligibility criteria, including 256,915 participants from 40 countries across six continents. The overall global pooled prevalence of FD was 8.4% (95% CI 7.4–.9.5). The prevalence was the highest in Rome I (11.9%; 95% CI 5.1–25.4) and lowest in Rome IV (6.8%; 95% CI 5.8–7.9). Developing countries showed a higher prevalence than developed countries (9.1% versus 8.0%), and prevalence was higher in women, irrespective of the definition used (9.0% versus 7.0%). The pooled prevalence gradually decreased from 1990 to 2020 (12.4% [8.2–18.3] in 1990–2002 versus 7.3% [6.1–8.7] in 2013–2020). The prevalence of FD differs by country, economic status, geographical region, and sex, and the global prevalence has been gradually declining. Despite the heterogeneity of sample population, our study estimates the current global burden of FD and provides information to heath care policy decisions.
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1 CHA University School of Medicine, Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea (GRID:grid.410886.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 0647 3511)
2 Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey (GRID:grid.411550.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 0689 906X)
3 Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Research and Development Unit, Barcelona, Spain (GRID:grid.466982.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 1771 0789)
4 Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Research and Development Unit, Barcelona, Spain (GRID:grid.466982.7) (ISNI:0000 0004 1771 0789); Université Paris Cité, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lariboisière-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France (GRID:grid.508487.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 7885 7602)
5 Anglia Ruskin University, Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Cambridge, UK (GRID:grid.5115.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2299 5510)
6 Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Department of Precision Medicine, Suwon, South Korea (GRID:grid.264381.a) (ISNI:0000 0001 2181 989X)
7 Lorestan University, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran (GRID:grid.411406.6) (ISNI:0000 0004 1757 0173); Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Rafsanjan, Iran (GRID:grid.444845.d)
8 Sungkyunkwan University, School of Pharmacy, Suwon, South Korea (GRID:grid.264381.a) (ISNI:0000 0001 2181 989X)
9 Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul, South Korea (GRID:grid.15444.30) (ISNI:0000 0004 0470 5454)
10 Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (GRID:grid.289247.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2171 7818)
11 Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (GRID:grid.289247.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2171 7818); Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul, South Korea (GRID:grid.289247.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2171 7818)