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Abstract
Due to the characteristics of electrospun nanofibers (NFs), they are considered a suitable substrate for the adsorption and removal of heavy metals. Electrospun nanofibers are prepared based on optimized polycaprolactone (PCL, 12 wt%) and polyacrylic acid (PAA, 1 wt%) polymers loaded with graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO NPs, 1 wt%). The morphological, molecular interactions, crystallinity, thermal, hydrophobicity, and biocompatibility properties of NFs are characterized by spectroscopy (scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis), contact angle, and MTT tests. Finally, the adsorption efficacy of NFs to remove lead (Pb2+) from water and apple juice samples was determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The average diameter for PCL, PCL/PAA, and PCL/PAA/GO NFs was 137, 500, and 216 nm, respectively. Additionally, the contact angle for PCL, PCL/PAA, and PCL/PAA/GO NFs was obtained at 74.32º, 91.98º, and 94.59º, respectively. The cytotoxicity test has shown non-toxicity for fabricated NFs against the HUVEC endothelial cell line by more than 80% survival during 72 h. Under optimum conditions including pH (= 6), temperature (25 °C), Pb concentration (25 to 50 mg/L), and time (15 to 30 min), the adsorption efficiency was generally between 80 and 97%. The adsorption isotherm model of PCL/PAA/GO NFs in the adsorption of lead metal follows the Langmuir model, and the reaction kinetics follow the pseudo-second-order. PCL/PA/GO NFs have shown adsorption of over 80% in four consecutive cycles. The adsorption efficacy of NFs to remove Pb in apple juice has reached 76%. It is appropriate and useful to use these nanofibers as a high-efficiency adsorbent in water and food systems based on an analysis of their adsorption properties and how well they work.
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Details
1 Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran, Iran (GRID:grid.411705.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0166 0922); Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Food Science and Nutrition Group (FSAN), Tehran, Iran (GRID:grid.510410.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 8010 4431)
2 Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran, Iran (GRID:grid.411705.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0166 0922)
3 Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran, Iran (GRID:grid.411705.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0166 0922)
4 Urmia University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Urmia, Iran (GRID:grid.444935.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 4912 3044)
5 Urmia University of Technology, Faculty of Textile Engineering, Urmia, Iran (GRID:grid.444935.b) (ISNI:0000 0004 4912 3044)
6 Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz, Iran (GRID:grid.412888.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2174 8913)