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Abstract
This case–control study investigated the link between dietary branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and the risk and severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We assessed dietary BCAA intake in 95 RA patients and 190 matched controls using a food frequency questionnaire. We also assessed the disease severity using the disease activity score 28 (DAS-28), ESR, VAS, morning stiffness, and tender and swollen joints. Higher BCAA intake, expressed as a percentage of total protein, was significantly associated with increased risk of RA for total BCAAs (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.53–3.00, P < 0.001), leucine (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.70–3.38, P < 0.001), isoleucine (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.46–2.85, P < 0.001), and valine (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.35–2.59, P < 0.001). These associations remained significant even after adjusting for potential confounders (P < 0.001). However, BCAA intake did not show any significant association with RA severity in either crude or multivariate models (P > 0.05). Our findings suggest that higher dietary BCAA intake may contribute to the development of RA, but further research is needed to confirm these observations and explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Details
1 Iran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Tehran, Iran (GRID:grid.411746.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 4911 7066)
2 Medical Science University of Jiroft, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Jiroft, Iran (GRID:grid.510408.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 4912 3036)
3 Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran, Iran (GRID:grid.411705.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0166 0922); Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran, Iran (GRID:grid.411705.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0166 0922)
4 Iran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran, Iran (GRID:grid.411746.1) (ISNI:0000 0004 4911 7066)