Introduction de la ceinture flechee chez les Amerindiens: Creation d'un symbole de statut social

Abstract

Les “ceintures fléchées” tissées aux doigts avec de la laine colorée au moyen de laquelle on réalisait des dessins géométriques faisaient partie du costume de l'habitant du Bas-Canada. Fabriquées à la main par les femmes, ce sont les hommes qui la portaient par-dessus leur manteau. Quand ceux-ci s'engagérent auprès des compagnies du Nord-Ouest et de la Baie d'Hudson qui faisaient la traite des fourrures, leurs ceintures exercèrent un grand attrait auprès des Amérindiens et les traiteurs apprirent vite à s'en servir comme articles de troc.

Dans notre recherche, nous démontrons que contrairement à la croyance répandue voulant que ces ceintures colorées soient d'origine amérindienne, elles ont plutôt été adoptées par les Autochtones par le biais des commerçants. Cette tradition de porter la ceinture dans des occasions particulières est toujours vivante chez certains groupes amérindiens.

La documentation utilisée est surtout tirée des récits de voyageurs et des archives administratives des compagnies de traite, mais le moyen essentiel et complémentaire pour suivre le cheminement des ceintures des rives du Saint-Laurent jusqu'à celles du Pacifique, fut surtout le recours à l'expertise technique quant à la fabrication des ceintures.

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The “arrow belts” finger-woven with colored wool with which geometric designs were made were part of the costume of the inhabitant of Lower Canada. Handmade by women, it was men who wore it over their coats. When they joined the North-West and Hudson's Bay companies which traded furs, their belts were very attractive to the Native Americans and the traders quickly learned to use them as articles of clothing. barter.

In our research, we demonstrate that contrary to the widespread belief that these colored belts are of Native American origin, they were instead adopted by Indigenous people through traders. This tradition of wearing the belt on special occasions is still alive among certain Native American groups.

The documentation used is mainly drawn from travelers' accounts and the administrative archives of the trading companies, but the essential and complementary means of following the progress of the belts from the shores of the St. Lawrence to those of the Pacific, was above all the use of technical expertise in the manufacture of belts.