"En garde!": Les representations de la tuberculose au Quebec dans la premiere moitie du vingtieme siecle. Maladie, culture et identite

Abstract

Toute action ou reaction face a une maladie est guidee par l'idee que nous nous en faisons, par notre facon de l'interpreter, de la penser. Cette these a pour objectif de montrer les liens entre, d'une part, les representations sociales et medicales d'une maladie et, d'autre part, la nature des traitements proposes et les representations de l'experience du malade dans un contexte institutionnel de prise en charge. L'etude se concentre sur la tuberculose parce que, tout en etant moins spectaculaire que les epidemies de typhus ou de cholera, elle a neanmoins suscite une grande inquietude dans la premiere moitie du XX$\sp{\rm e}$ siecle, et ce partout en Occident. Comme le sida aujourd'hui, la tuberculose fut longtemps percue comme un mal sournois et mortel, qui prosperait sous des conditions et dans un environnement particulier. Au Quebec comme ailleurs, cette perception eut un impact certain sur les tuberculeux et sur leur experience de la maladie.

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Any action or reaction to an illness is guided by the idea we have of it, by our way of interpreting it, of thinking about it. This thesis aims to show the links between, on the one hand, the social and medical representations of an illness and, on the other hand, the nature of the treatments proposed and the representations of the patient's experience in an institutional context. support. The study focuses on tuberculosis because, while less spectacular than typhus or cholera epidemics, it nevertheless aroused great concern in the first half of the 20th century, and this everywhere in the West. Like AIDS today, tuberculosis was long perceived as a sneaky and deadly disease, which thrived under specific conditions and in a particular environment. In Quebec as elsewhere, this perception had a certain impact on tuberculosis patients and their experience of the disease.