Variabilite du Colletotrichum graminicola chez le sorgho (Sorghum bicolor) et lutte culturale contre l'anthracnose

Abstract

On a etudie la variabilite de souches du Colletotrichum graminicola du sorgho du Burkina Faso. Sur le plan phenetique, la croissance des souches sur milieux geloses, leur production de biomasse, leur sensibilite au benomyl et leur agressivite sur plantules de sorgho ont ete evaluees. Le champignon a presente une variabilite phenetique discontinue. L'analyse des marqueurs RAPD a partir de l'ADN total des souches par la methode UPGMA montre que la variabilite genetique du champignon est continue. Elle corrobore l'interpretation de la variabilite phenetique en ce sens qu'elle n'est pas de nature cionale. D'autre part, la nature clonale de l'acervule du C. graminicola a ete mise en evidence. Une etude de terrain au Burkina Faso montre que le developpement de l'anthracnose est favorise par les fortes evapotranspirations potentielles. En depit de la variabilite pathogenique du champignon, la fumure organique a permis de reduire l'anthracnose tout en procurant une augmentation significative du rendement.

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We studied the variability of strains of Colletotrichum graminicola from sorghum in Burkina Faso. Phenetically, the growth of the strains on agar media, their biomass production, their sensitivity to benomyl and their aggressiveness on sorghum seedlings were evaluated. The fungus showed discontinuous phenetic variability. The analysis of RAPD markers from the total DNA of the strains by the UPGMA method shows that the genetic variability of the fungus is continuous. It corroborates the interpretation of phenetic variability in the sense that it is not of a regional nature. On the other hand, the clonal nature of the acervula of C. graminicola was highlighted. A field study in Burkina Faso shows that the development of anthracnose is favored by high potential evapotranspiration. Despite the pathogenic variability of the fungus, organic manure reduced anthracnose while providing a significant increase in yield.