La bataille du Long-Sault et la place des Amerindiens dans l'identite quebecoise

Abstract

Les recits de la bataille du Long-Sault ont occupe une place particuliere dans la conscience historique des societes canadienne-francaise et canadienne-anglaise. La presente these montre l'extension et l'evolution de ces recits, le sens qu'ils ont pris au cours de leur structuration, ainsi que leur contribution a la representation des rapports entre Euroamericains et Amerindiens. L'auteur a etudie les permanences et les transformations des propos sur les Amerindiens dans plus de 250 recits de la bataille, leur contexte general de production et leurs derives commemoratifs. Cette recherche montre quela permanence des discours sur les Amerindiens repose sur une axiologie des rapports entre notre societe avancees et retardataires qui n'a presque pas change depuis le XVII^e siecle, sur un schema historiographique qui compare les destinees respectives des nationalites amerindiennes, canadienne-francaise et canadienne-anglaise, enfin sur une pratique commemorative qui les a ancres et renouveles en fonction des bouleversements de la vie nationale.

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The stories of the Battle of Long Sault have occupied a special place in the historical consciousness of French-Canadian and English-Canadian societies. This thesis shows the extension and evolution of these stories, the meaning they took on during their structuring, as well as their contribution to the representation of relationships between Euroamericans and Amerindians. The author studied the permanence and transformations of comments about Amerindians in more than 250 accounts of the battle, their general context of production and their commemorative derivatives. This research shows that the permanence of discourses on Amerindians is based on an axiology of the relationships between our advanced and backward societies which has almost not changed since the 17^th century, on a historiographical schema which compares the respective destinies of Amerindian and French-Canadian nationalities. and English-Canadian, finally on a commemorative practice which anchored and renewed them according to the upheavals of national life.