Relever les defis de la gestion scolaire d'apres un modele de leadership ethique: Une etude de cas

Abstract

Cette recherche explore trois concepts ethiques interdependants dans l'exercice d'un leadership ethique en education, plus specifiquement, dans une demarche qui vise a relever les defis de la gestion en milieu scolaire.

Notre orientation methodologique privilegie l'approche qualitative realisee au moyen d'entrevues semi-structurees. Nous avons ainsi interviewe douze administrateurs et administratrices et dix representants et representantes des instances politiques d'une meme commission scolaire.

Notre objectif de recherche etait d'identifier les actions morales des instances politique et administrative dans un cadre legislatif precis ou il y a participation et consultation obligatoire. L'analyse a ete effectuee a partir du modele de leadership de Starratt (1991) et d'une methode de lecture de Brown et al. (1988). Notre etude nous a permis de conclure que, confrontee a des defis, la gestion repose sur des actions morales. La place de l'ethique de la sollicitude dans la sphere publique est presente et confirme le potentiel qu'elle possede dans la comprehension du defi a relever. L'ethique de la justice est particulierement utilisee pour tenter de debloquer une situation jugee difficile, mais elle ne reussit pas a la resoudre completement. La cause de cette deficience reside dans la structure en place qui paralyse toutes les tentatives allant dans ce sens. Quant a l'ethique de la critique elle revele des injustices qui visent a faire changer certaines pratiques etablies par l'organisation.

Cela confirme la necessite de promouvoir un leadership ethique en milieu scolaire afin de sensibiliser les acteurs et les actrices aux decisions morales qu'ils doivent prendre dans l'exercice de leur profession.

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This research explores three interdependent ethical concepts in the exercise of ethical leadership in education, more specifically, in an approach that aims to meet the challenges of school management.

Our methodological orientation favors the qualitative approach carried out by means of semi-structured interviews. We thus interviewed twelve administrators and ten representatives of the political authorities of the same school board.

Our research objective was to identify the moral actions of political and administrative authorities in a specific legislative framework where there is mandatory participation and consultation. The analysis was carried out using the leadership model of Starratt (1991) and a reading method of Brown et al. (1988). Our study allowed us to conclude that, faced with challenges, management is based on moral actions. The place of the ethics of care in the public sphere is presented and confirms the potential it has in understanding the challenge to be met. The ethics of justice is particularly used to try to unblock a situation deemed difficult, but it does not succeed in resolving it completely. The cause of this deficiency lies in the structure in place which paralyzes all attempts in this direction. As for the ethics of criticism, it reveals injustices that aim to change certain practices established by the organization.

This confirms the need to promote ethical leadership in the school environment in order to make actors and actresses aware of the moral decisions they must make in the exercise of their profession.