La representation d'Oka: Une crise vue par la caricature

Abstract

Cette recherche retient comme toile de fond la crise amérindienne qui a secoué le Québec à l'été de 1990. Elle fonde sa réflexion sur une documentation journalistique encore peu utilisée dans la recherche historique malgré son étonnante diversité: la caricature éditoriale. L'analyse comporte trois champs d'intérêt qui gravitent autour de l'image du pouvoir et des institutions (lecture politique de la source iconique), de la représentation de l'Autre (l'Amérindien en l'occurrence, sur fond de préjugés et de stéréotypes culturels, mais aussi la société québécoise dans la production graphique anglophone) et enfin de l'idée de spectacle (le recours systématique de la caricature à la fabulation accentuant le caractère dramatique de l'affrontement d'Oka). Cette thématique tire sa substance et son mordant de la comparaison constamment renouvelée des discours, des sympathies et des motivations appuyés par les corpus documentaires anglophone et francophone fournissant du même coup deux visions souvent bien “distinctes” et pourtant significatives du même événement.

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This research retains as a backdrop the Amerindian crisis that shook Quebec in the summer of 1990. It bases its reflection on journalistic documentation still little used in historical research despite its astonishing diversity: editorial cartoons. The analysis includes three fields of interest that revolve around the image of power and institutions (political reading of the iconic source), the representation of the Other (the Amerindian in this case, against a background of prejudice and cultural stereotypes, but also Quebec society in English-language graphic production) and finally the idea of ​​spectacle (the systematic recourse of caricature to storytelling accentuating the dramatic nature of the confrontation at Oka). This theme draws its substance and bite from the constantly renewed comparison of speeches, sympathies and motivations supported by English- and French-speaking documentary corpora, providing at the same time two often very “distinct” and yet significant visions of the same event.