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Abstract
The lower Sénégal valley is characterised by a deep water table and by the salinity of its water and soil, which is caused by capillary movement of salts to the surface. Among the species of native trees and shrubs, Tamarix senegalensis is noted as one of the best-adapted to this ecosystem. Its characteristics and its potential for use in the réclamation of saline soils is presently not well understood. Thus, the objectives of this research were oriented towards understanding its capacity for reforestation of saline soils.
A first study evaluated the growth and nutrition of Tamarix senegalensis cuttings at seven différent levels of additions of NaCl solution (0, 3, 6, 9, 11, 13 et 14 g L-1) combined with the presence or absence of a rooting horm one (Stim-root N°3) in the nursery. A substantial decrease in dry weight of roots, foliage and total biomass was observed with the increasing dose of sait, starting at the level of 3 g L-1. A tendency for lower concentrations of several foliar elements (K, Mg and N) was also observed. The horm one did not stimulate rooting of Tamarix senegalensis and did not seem to be adapted to the specie studied (decrease in the number of roots and in the cutting survival rate in presence of the horm one). A second study examined the relation between increase in height and diameter and the nutrition of the species across a natural gradient of salinity on four sites. The results indicated a tendency for decrease in salinity of the soils from the lower to mid-valley of the Sénégal River, and a gradient of decreasing salinity from the surface to the lower soil profile.
Although grow th of Tamarix senegalensis on the natural gradient was negatively correlated with electrical conductivity, the two studies confirm the tolérance of Tamarix senegalensis to salinity. An adaptation to saline soils was confirmed by the survival of Tamarix senegalensis in the nursery under high levels of sait, and by the relatively constant growth parameters across the natural gradient of salinity in the field (best growth was observed on the soils with highest salinity). Others factors, for example water stress under controlled conditions, the soil organic C and the texture of the soil in the field, seemed to have a rôle in the response of Tamarix senegalensis in parallel with soil salinity. These three factors should also be examined to better understand the limitations of growth in biomass and in height.





