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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a frequent cause of hospitalisation in the first few months of life; however, this risk rapidly decreases with age. Nirsevimab immunoprophylaxis was approved in the European Union for the prevention of RSV-associated lower respiratory tract disease in infants during their first RSV season. We evaluated the effectiveness of nirsevimab in preventing hospitalisations for confirmed RSV infection and the impact of a strategy of immunisation at birth. A population-based cohort study was performed in Navarre, Spain, where nirsevimab was offered at birth to all children born from October to December 2023. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio of hospitalisation for PCR-confirmed RSV infection between infants who received and did not receive nirsevimab. Of 1177 infants studied, 1083 (92.0%) received nirsevimab. The risk of hospitalisation for RSV was 8.5% (8/94) among non-immunised infants versus 0.7% (8/1083) in those that were immunised. The estimated effectiveness of nirsevimab was 88.7% (95% confidence interval, 69.6–95.8). Immunisation at birth of infants born between October and December 2023 prevented one hospitalisation for every 15.3 immunised infants. Immunisation of children born from September to January might prevent 77.5% of preventable hospitalisations for RSV in infants born in 2023–2024. These results support the recommendation of nirsevimab immunisation at birth to children born during the RSV epidemic or in the months immediately before to prevent severe RSV infections and alleviate the overload of paediatric hospital resources.

Details

Title
Effectiveness of Nirsevimab Immunoprophylaxis Administered at Birth to Prevent Infant Hospitalisation for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Author
Ezpeleta, Guillermo 1 ; Navascués, Ana 2 ; Viguria, Natividad 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Herranz-Aguirre, Mercedes 3 ; Juan Belloc, Sergio Enrique 4 ; Juan Gimeno Ballester 5 ; Muruzábal, Juan Carlos 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; García-Cenoz, Manuel 7   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín 7   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Echeverria, Aitziber 7 ; Martínez-Baz, Iván 7   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Vera-Punzano, Noelia 8   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Casado, Itziar 7 ; López-Mendoza, Héctor 1 ; Ezpeleta, Carmen 2 ; Castilla, Jesús 7   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain; [email protected] (G.E.); [email protected] (I.M.-B.); [email protected] (H.L.-M.) 
 Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain[email protected] (M.H.-A.) 
 Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain[email protected] (M.H.-A.); Paediatrics Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain 
 Paediatrics Department, Hospital Reina Sofía, 31500 Tudela, Spain 
 Paediatrics Department, Hospital García Orcoyen, 31200 Estella, Spain 
 Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain 
 Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain; [email protected] (G.E.); [email protected] (I.M.-B.); [email protected] (H.L.-M.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain[email protected] (M.H.-A.); CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 31003 Pamplona, Spain 
 Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain; [email protected] (G.E.); [email protected] (I.M.-B.); [email protected] (H.L.-M.); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain[email protected] (M.H.-A.) 
First page
383
Publication year
2024
Publication date
2024
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
2076393X
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3047093358
Copyright
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.