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My thesis examines two aspects of the Cidian tradition from the 12 th century through the Crónica de Castilla (ca. 1312): the Cid's changing portrayal and its ideological manipulation. Chapter 1 focuses on the hero's representation during the 12th century, prior to the Poema de Mio Cid's composition (ca. 1207): I argue that the testimonies of the Cidian tradition in the 12 th century must be dated as of 1150 and that this tradition springs from the Historia Rodefici. The main characteristics of the 12th century Cid are service to non-Castilian interests, independent military success and a distinguished genealogical profile. Chapter 2 studies how the epic poem, consciously abandoning previous military and genealogical foci, emphasizes new aspects of the hero: low noble station, loyal vassalage, social and economic enrichment, and domestic exemplarity. I argue that this portrait is best understood as a result of the period between the Christian defeat of Alarcos (1195) and the victory at Las Navas (1212), when there was an effort to bind lower Castilian nobility to royal military concerns. This explains the Cid's verisimilar and pragmatic nature and the representation of the monarchy as an institution supportive of the lower nobility's demands for social advancement through internobiliary judicial equanimity and personal merit. Chapter 3 centers on the Cid in Latin and vernacular chronicles from 1207 to 1312. Two aspects are paramount in this tradition: a preeminent military representation in which the epic Cid is carefully placed in a subservient role so as not to overshadow the king; and the increasing representation of a marvelous and less judicious protagonist, to become the predominant portrait in subsequent tradition.
By showing the Cid's protean portrayal in the 12th–early 14th centuries, my dissertation puts forth a new understanding of the heroic tradition that refutes the centrality of the epic representation and the canonical view of a historical and realistic hero. By studying the Cid in this varied, complex and biased tradition, the thesis calls into question the uniformity of the Cid as a cultural icon and questions the validity of Pidal's simplified model of the Castilian hero.