Le droit des peuples autochtones à l'autonomie gouvernementale dans le contexte de l'accession du Québec à la souveraineté

Abstract

To date, the debate concerning the aboriginal and treaty rights of the aboriginal peoples of Québec has focussed primarily on the assertion of the territorial integrity of Québec on the one hand, and the assertion that those rights can prevent secession or force partition, on the other.

Understanding the historical and contemporary relationship between aboriginal peoples and the governments of Canada and Québec is necessary if a rapprochement between these adversarial positions is to be achieved.

This paper explores the legal and historical basis of aboriginal rights, focussing on self-government and the fiduciary relationship between aboriginal peoples and the Crown. It discusses international law principles under which Québec will seek recognition as an independent state and the relevance of aboriginal rights to that recognition. Finally, it urges that the current debate provides an opportunity to establish a new partnership between Québec and aboriginal peoples, to their mutual benefit.

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Jusqu'à présent, le débat concernant les droits ancestraux et issus de traités des peuples autochtones du Québec a porté principalement sur l'affirmation de l'intégrité territoriale du Québec, d'une part, et sur l'affirmation que ces droits peuvent empêcher la sécession ou forcer la partition, d'autre part. .

Comprendre la relation historique et contemporaine entre les peuples autochtones et les gouvernements du Canada et du Québec est nécessaire si l'on veut parvenir à un rapprochement entre ces positions antagonistes.

Cet article explore le fondement juridique et historique des droits autochtones, en mettant l'accent sur l'autonomie gouvernementale et la relation fiduciaire entre les peuples autochtones et la Couronne. Il traite des principes de droit international en vertu desquels le Québec cherchera à être reconnu en tant qu'État indépendant et de la pertinence des droits ancestraux à cette reconnaissance. Enfin, il insiste pour que le débat actuel soit l'occasion d'établir un nouveau partenariat entre le Québec et les peuples autochtones, dans leur intérêt mutuel.