Les photos de famille chez les Inuits de Mittimatalik au Nunavut: Une mémoire collective?

Abstract

Au cours du siècle dernier, le mode de vie des Inuits de l'Arctique canadien fut profondément bouleversé par l'arrivée de Qallunaat qui, très rapidement, imposèrent leurs usages et leurs valeurs. Aujourd'hui, les Inuits tentent de renouer avec leur passé, malmené, mais bien vivant. Depuis peu, l'un des moyens auquel ils ont recours pour réactiver leurs traditions orales est la photographie, ou plutôt leurs photographies, celles qu'ils ont conservé de ces premiers visiteurs venus du Sud jusqu'à celles qu'ils ont, par la suite, réalisé eux-mêmes. Le village de Mittimatalik (Pond Inlet) fut retenu comme site de l'étude. Des séances d'interviews et de consultations de photos avec plusieurs familles m'ont permis d'identifier différents aspects de leur culture que les Inuits souhaitent préserver et transmettre à leurs descendants. En m'intéressant plus spécifiquement à ces photos de famille, j'ai voulu explorer comment et en quoi celles-ci participent à la sauvegarde de la mémoire collective des Inuits.

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Over the last century, the way of life of the Inuit of the Canadian Arctic was profoundly changed by the arrival of Qallunaat who, very quickly, imposed their customs and values. Today, the Inuit are trying to reconnect with their battered but very much alive past. Recently, one of the means they have resorted to to reactivate their oral traditions is photography, or rather their photographs, those they have preserved from these first visitors from the South to those they have, through suite, made themselves. The village of Mittimatalik (Pond Inlet) was selected as the study site. Interview sessions and photo consultations with several families allowed me to identify different aspects of their culture that the Inuit wish to preserve and transmit to their descendants. By focusing more specifically on these family photos, I wanted to explore how and in what way they contribute to the preservation of the collective memory of the Inuit.