Convenance(s) des histoires: De l'evolution de ce qui est «convenable» en appartenance identitaire, histoire et éducation entre Amérindiens et Eurocanadiens du Québec. L'exemple de la Nation atikamekw…

Abstract

La modernité perturbe les repères culturels identitaires structurant communautés et individus. Les pédagogues doivent alors repenser l'éducation à la citoyenneté devant aujourd'hui mêler transdisciplinairement l'acquisition de valeurs, de compétences et de savoirs démocratiques. Les discours du savoir historique enseigne les leçons du passé et distille les éléments culturels des communautés, variant avec le temps et avec le lieu, dépendamment de statuts communautaires: majoritaires/minoritaires, dominants/dominés, allochtones/autochtones.

L'observation de ces phénomènes, au travers des manuels d'histoire d'école secondaire, chez les Atikamekw, nation amérindienne dans un Québec multiculturel, démontre que l'image des Amérindiens peut encore être améliorée, notamment par une adaptation pédagogique des traditions orales selon des techniques ethnohistoriques. L'histoire des nations d'un même État doit a lors être repensée pour combler le fossé intercommunautaire par le partage des responsabilités historiques et la reconnaissance des groupes. Il faut réécrire l'histoire ensemble de sorte que chacun puisse exprimer sa vision historique et mieux accepter le récit commun.

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Modernity disrupts the cultural identity markers structuring communities and individuals. Educators must then rethink citizenship education, which must today combine transdisciplinary the acquisition of democratic values, skills and knowledge. The discourses of historical knowledge teach the lessons of the past and distill the cultural elements of communities, varying with time and place, depending on community status: majority/minority, dominant/dominated, non-native/native.

The observation of these phenomena, through high school history textbooks, among the Atikamekw, a Native American nation in a multicultural Quebec, demonstrates that the image of Native Americans can still be improved, in particular by an educational adaptation of oral traditions. according to ethnohistorical techniques. The history of the nations of the same State must therefore be rethought to bridge the intercommunity gap through the sharing of historical responsibilities and the recognition of groups. We must rewrite history together so that everyone can express their historical vision and better accept the common narrative.