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Abstract
The present thesis aims at assessing the cognitive effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy, a technique known for a certain “medical adventurism” around the world. The decision of examining different neurological conditions was motivated by the following needs: (a) to scientifically react to the general craze for this approach in the treatment of cerebral palsy, the parents reporting “miraculous” improvements in their child; (b) to evaluate its potential after a neurological stabilization, actually in chronic phase of brain injury; and (c) to assess its efficiency in repeated concussions, an avenue still unexplored despite the extent of the problem among athletes.
Findings suggest that the response to HBO2 therapy may depend on the pathogenesis of the neurological disorders. There is indeed some evidence of benefits in hypoxic and/or ischemic types of brain injury. A person presenting with a chronic traumatic carotidian blockage showed enhanced electrocortical activity after series of 20 and 60 treatments, which coincided with cognitive and sensorimotor improvements. However, the first dosage appeared to be insufficient to produce permanent benefits, thus suggesting transient neuronal reactivation, at least in the initial phase. Improvements in cognitive/information processing were also found in athletes suffering from multiple concussions. The magnitude of the effects seems related to the severity of brain dysfunction and/or the delay since the last injury. Additional treatments may be necessary to insure physiological reactivation in post-acute stages.
A different conclusion comes out with cerebral palsy: children receiving either hyperbaric oxygen or slightly pressurized air showed comparable attentional, linguistic and physical improvements. Based on the actual knowledge, a placebo effect, peculiar to the research context (e.g. high expectations, stimulating environment which may favorably promote cognitive and socioaffective development, practice effects with the testing procedure, etc.) remains the most likely hypothesis to explain these results. However, the possibility of a «pure» pressure effect, that is a physiological effect that would not be mediated by increased tension in oxygen in the arterial blood, cannot be ruled out, although it is not supported by any data. Such discrepancy in the overall results may arise from the different mechanisms involved in the neurological disorders, which are not well defined up to now. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)





