L'interprétation du temps dans “Sein und Zeit”

Abstract

Le but «provisoire» de Sein und Zeit est l'interprétation du temps comme l'horizon possible de toute compréhension de l'être en général. Le chemin que Heidegger choisit de parcourir pour atteindre ce but est celui de l'analytique existentiale du Dasein. Sur ce chemin, Heidegger interprète principalement le temps comme temporalité ekstatique du Dasein. Sein und Zeit est toutefois demeuré inachevé, c'est-à-dire qu'il n'est pas parvenu à expliquer le temps comme horizon transcendantal de la question de l'être. Cela ne signifie pas qu'il renonce dès lors à ce projet, puisque dans les Problèmes fondamentaux de la phénoménologie, l'élaboration de la Temporalité de l'être est tentée, du moins partiellement. Suite au tournant qu'a connu sa pensée, la problématique de la Temporalité de l'être apparaît à Heidegger dans une toute autre perspective qui, loin de l'éloigner, le rapproche de ce qu'il s'était donné à penser dans Sein und Zeit.

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The “provisional” goal of Sein und Zeit is the interpretation of time as the possible horizon of any understanding of being in general. The path that Heidegger chooses to follow to achieve this goal is that of the existential analysis of Dasein. On this path, Heidegger mainly interprets time as the ecstatic temporality of Dasein. Sein und Zeit, however, remained unfinished, that is to say, it did not succeed in explaining time as the transcendental horizon of the question of being. This does not mean that he therefore renounces this project, since in the Fundamental Problems of Phenomenology, the elaboration of the Temporality of Being is attempted, at least partially. Following the turning point in his thinking, the problem of the Temporality of Being appears to Heidegger in a completely different perspective which, far from distancing him, brings him closer to what he had given himself to think in Sein und Zeit.