Perceptions of Self-Learners of English Toward Mobile Language Learning: Technology Acceptance Model and Constructivist Learning Theory Perspectives

Abstract

This mixed-method research was conducted to examine the perceptions of self-learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) toward mobile learning (m-learning) apps. It integrated several constructs from the technology acceptance model (TAM) and constructivist learning theory (CLT) to provide a detailed picture of the learners' perceptions. The study also examined variations in learner perceptions based on their gender and age. A total of 292 participants took part in this research, and data were triangulated from quantitative and qualitative instruments. The findings revealed positive perceptions among the learners toward English m-learning apps as well as a strong and positive relationship between the learners' TAM-based and CLT-based perceptions. Although gender did not significantly affect the learners' perceptions, age did exert some influence on both behavioral intention and actual use of the apps. The study concludes with several pedagogical implications and recommendations for future research.