Towards a Psychology of Coaching: The Impact of Coaching on Metacognition, Mental Health and Goal Attainment

Abstract

A theoretical framework for a psychology of coaching was developed. First, the literature on cognitive approaches to coaching, behavioral approaches to coaching, and combinations of the cognitive and behavioral approaches was reviewed. Next, two studies examined the development and validation of a new measure of private self-consciousness called the Self-Reflection and Insight Scale. A solution-focused cognitive-behavioral (SF/CB) coaching framework was developed. The approach viewed coaching as a collaborative, solution-focused, result-oriented systematic process during which coaches facilitate coachees' self-directed learning, personal growth, and goal attainment. Finally, 20 adults completed a life-coaching program that was based on the new framework and focused on attaining elusive personal goals. The coaching program significantly enhanced participants' mental health and quality of life and increased their goal attainment. The SF/CB coaching model was concluded to be an effective approach to personal development and goal attainment and a potentially useful platform for a positive psychology and investigation of the psychological mechanisms involved in purposeful change in normal adult populations. (Forty tables/figures are included. The bibliography lists 693 references. The following items are appended: sample material from the cognitive, behavioral, and cognitive-behavioral coaching programs; information about the source of the Coach Yourself life coaching program; and a list of chapters in the peer-reviewed press.) (MN)