Content area
Full Text
ABSTRACT:
Background-Established role of ATF4 has been well documented in other human cancers, however it has not been attempted to explore the putative role of it in oral carcinogenesis and oral lesions. Therefore, this systematic scoping review aims to investigate the potential role of ATF4 in oral lesions. Methods- The search is conducted with the help of search engines like PubMed, Google Scholar by using databases of PubMed , Scopus, and Web of Science using mesh terms. Results -Total articles retrieved from electronic search was 4, amongst articles meeting inclusion criteria was 3, with 2 elimination of duplicates.Based on this data, total articles evaluated for this systematic scoping review was 3, where they used techniques like western blot analysis, double-labeling immune ofluorescence and quantitative PCR technique in oral lesions like oscc and okc to rule out the role of ATF4. Conclusion -Several molecular pathways of tumorigenesis depict ATF4 as important signaling molecule and transcription factor in carcinogenesis. Though a little knowledge is available in case of role of ATF4 in oral lesions/malignancy, potential role of the same cannot be neglected in terms of its active involvement in various signaling pathways in development of oral lesions and oral cancer.
Keywords: ATF4, oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral cancer, oral lesions, odontogenic keratocysts, PERK, ER stress.
INTRODUCTION
Activating transcription factor 4, also known as ATF4, is a protein in humans that is encoded by the ATF4 gene. It belongs to the ATF/CREB (activating transcription factor/cyclic AMP response element binding protein) family of basic region-leucine zipper (bZip) transcription factors, which have the consensus binding site cAMP responsive element. ATF4 is a stress responsive gene, which is upregulated by several factors/stressors,including oxygen deprivation (hypoxia/anoxia), aminoacid deprivation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), oxidative stress, and by the growth factor heregulin.1
ATF4 can function as a transcriptional activator, as well as a repressor. It is also a protective gene regulating the adaptation of cells to stress factors such as ER and oxidative stress, and a developmental gene, required for skeletal and eye development and haematopoiesis/Some of the genes that are induced by ATF4 include receptor activator of nuclear factorkappa В (RANK) ligand (RANKL), osteocalcin, Eselectin, VEGE, Gadd 153, gadd34, asparagine synthetase, TRB3, and several genes involved in mitochondrial function, amino acid...