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Abstract
We investigated the association of retinopathy with the risk of dementia in a general older Japanese population. A total of 1709 population-based residents aged 60 years or older without dementia were followed prospectively for 10 years (2007–2017). They underwent color fundus photography in 2007. Retinopathy was graded according to the Modified Airlie House Classification. Main outcome was the Incidence of dementia. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of dementia by the presence of retinopathy. During the follow-up period, 374 participants developed all-cause dementia. The cumulative incidence of dementia was significantly higher in those with retinopathy than those without (p < 0.05). Individuals with retinopathy had significantly higher risk of developing dementia than those without after adjustment for potential confounding factors (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.19–2.25). Regarding the components of retinopathy, the presence of microaneurysms was significantly associated with a higher multivariable-adjusted HR for incident dementia (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.37–2.74). Our findings suggest that, in addition to systemic risk factors, retinal microvascular signs from fundus photography provide valuable information for estimating the risk of developing dementia.
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1 Kyushu University, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849); Kyushu University, Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849)
2 Kyushu University, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849); Kyushu University, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849)
3 Kyushu University, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849); Kyushu University, Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849); Kyushu University, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849)
4 Kyushu University, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849); Kyushu University, Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849)
5 Kyushu University, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849); Kyushu University, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849)
6 Kyushu University, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849); Kyushu University, Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849); Kyushu University, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849)
7 Kyushu University, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849)
8 Kyushu University, Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849); Kyushu University, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849)
9 Kyushu University, Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan (GRID:grid.177174.3) (ISNI:0000 0001 2242 4849)