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Introduction
Diabetes mellitus (DM) emerges as an unwavering adversary, a chronic affliction that ensues when the body’s intricate machinery falters, either in the production of insulin or in the tissues’ ability to heed its call, culminating in a tumultuous rise of glucose in the bloodstream. This insidious disorder, with its roots entrenched deep within metabolic imbalances, unfurls a dark tapestry of perils, casting a menacing shadow over the cardiovascular system and leaving a trail of devastation in its wake, wreaking havoc on delicate organs and compromising their integrity. The pervasive presence of DM has witnessed an astonishing upsurge, transforming it into an inescapable global phenomenon that grips nations with an iron fist, posing an unprecedented public health crisis. The realms of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) and prediabetes, once thought to be confined to the realms of adulthood, have now infiltrated the lives of children, adolescents, and young adults, painting a disconcerting portrait of the future 7. As the wheels of time turn, the incidence of DM surges unabated, fueled by the rapid march of urbanization, the graying of populations, and the relentless tide of lifestyle transformations 8. In the year 2010, the world stood witness to the affliction of around 285 million souls, their lives forever entwined with the burdens of diabetes, with a staggering 90% of cases attributed to the formidable foe of T2DM 8. Alas, the path ahead appears treacherous, as projections ominously predict that by the year 2030, In a dark embrace, DM extends its influence, enveloping a staggering 439 million souls worldwide, capturing 7.7% of the adult population aged 20 to 79 years, as referenced 9. This staggering statistic underscores the urgent need for comprehensive measures to combat the pervasive impact of DM on a global scale. In impoverished nations, T2DM was once a rarity. For instance, in 1980, the prevalence of this condition in China was less than 1% 10. Within the tapestry of T2DM, an intriguing narrative unfolds, revealing heightened prevalence among Asian Indian and Chinese communities residing in Mauritius 11, as well as among Asian immigrants dwelling in Western lands 12,13. These distinctive findings underscore the significance of cultural and ethnic factors in shaping the burden of T2DM within these...