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Following an overview of the agricultural engineering sector and grain-related activities in Tunisia, we employ a systems modeling approach to analyze the grain grading system. This analysis exploits the Objectives-Oriented Project Planning (OOPP) method. Then, we propose a model presenting the operation of this intricate system, enabling us to identify the governing information. We present a general model of the Information System for the grain grading system. Finally, we discuss the various results obtained front this application.
Abstract - Following an overview of the agricultural engineering sector and grain-related activities in Tunisia, we employ a systems modeling approach to analyze the grain grading system. This analysis exploits the Objectives-Oriented Project Planning (OOPP) method. Then, we propose a model presenting the operation of this intricate system, enabling us to identify the governing information. We present a general model of the Information System for the grain grading system. Finally, we discuss the various results obtained front this application.
Keywords: System analysis, Agricultural system, Grain grading system, Information System
I. INTRODUCTION
Agricultural Engineering is a multidisciplinary field that encompasses various engineering principles related to both the production and processing of agricultural products. It draws upon expertise from mechanical, civil, electrical, food science, and chemical engineering, in addition to agricultural knowledge, all guided by technological advancements [1, 4]. The primary aim of this discipline is to improve the effectiveness and sustainability of agricultural practices.
Several analyses and discussions concerning the advancement of the agricultural sector have underscored the significance of modernizing farms. While the adoption of automated production systems is prevalent, particularly among structured livestock breeders at the Treaty and complementary food facilities, the utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) remains limited in Tunisia [5-8].
Indeed, it is the grain grading system that establishes the pricing for trans actions during sales and purchases of grains, thereby influencing the technical and legal interactions among various stakeholders [9, 11].
This paper endeavors to acquaint readers with the realm of agricultural engineering and the grain grading system in Tunisia. It employs a meticulous analytical approach through the Objectives-Oriented Project Planning (OOPP) method to ensure an exhaustive examination of information. Subsequently, we discuss the necessity of an information system Lastly, the concluding section outlines future directions for research and development.
Throughout each stage, grains undergo a qualitative assessment to ensure their integrity and ascertain their commercial worth.
The process of evaluating the quality of grains is conducted through a grading scale during all entry or exit operations of grains. The main components of this scale include the Basic Price (BP), an Improvement factor (added to the basic price for higher quality grains), and a Reduction factor (deducted from the basic price for lower quality grains). The grain price is then determined using this system [12, 15]: Grain Price = Basic Price + Improvement - Reduction
II. SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF A GRAIN GRADING SYSTEM
Our envisioned model of the grain grading system strives to delineate the myriad activities constituting the grain evaluation process and to conceptualize it as an intricate information system
This model exhibits distinct characteristics, encompassing quality specifications such as specific height, humidity, and impurities, along with management parameters including reception, analysis demand, analysis results, payment, and sampling.
Indeed, the OOPP method, derived from the Ziel Orientierte Projekt Planung (ZOPP) method, was employ ed. This systematic approach meticulously identifies and hierarchically categorizes all activities, coupled with their respective parameters. These parameters encompass responsibilities, resources (such as infrastructure, equipment, human resources, logistical resources, and information resources), timing, location, and performance indicators [16, 19].
The OOPP analysis provides answers to crucial questions that influence project establishment [16]: What (the desired outcome or activity to be carried out)? Who (the responsible party and their collaborators)? How (the required resources)? When (the timeframe)? and Where (the location)?
We believe that information resources play a crucial role at both the strategie and communication levels [20, 23]. The delineation of these resources lays the groundwork for the entire information system Particularly, we emphasize the informational dimension and regard all parameters and functions as valuable data to be captured, processed, and leveraged efficiently.
This information is inherently distributed across various activities, each considered within its respective context.
A. OOPPMethod
The OOPP method acts as an inclusive instrument for global systemic modeling, streamlining the analysis of intricate scenarios by breaking them down hierarchically until reaching a fundamental level suitable for operational planning (Fig. 1) [16, 19].
B. Model of the grain grading sy stem
The primary objective of the model is to guarantee that the grain grading system facilitates an in-depth analysis of the diverse stages within the grain evaluation process.
Subsequently, after validation by experts, we present a Tree of Objectives (Fig. 2) illustrating the grain grading system's context.
III. PROPOSAL OF A MODEL OF THE
INFORMATION SYSTEM OF A GRAIN GRADING
SYSTEM
We present in this part an OOPP model that delineates eight specific objectives designed to achieve the overarching goal (OG) of establishing an Information System (IS) for a grain grading system This breakdown of specific objectives into outcomes (TABLE 1) leads to the identification of intermediate outcomes, activities, sub-activities, tasks, and subtasks. By meticulously delineating these components, the model provides a comprehensive roadmap for the development and implementation of the information system, ensuring clarity and effectiveness throughout the process.
IV. CONCLUSIONS
The necessity for employing a systems analysis approach arises from the intricate nature of the grain grading system in Tunisia and the multitude of information involved in its formation. This complexity underscores the need for a structured methodology to comprehensively understand and manage the system's operations. By adopting a systematic approach, we aim to enhance transparency, efficiency, and accountability within the grain grading proces s. This systematic method will facilitate the identification of key components, interactions, and dependencies, thereby enabling informed decision-making and effective resource allocation.
Utilizing the OOPP method for this analysis allows us to define the information system, which in turn aids in the creation of management and project management tools. Consequently, the development of data processing resources will be made more accessible.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We express our sincere thanks to our research laboratorie head for the valuable contribution.
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